![]() The load() method can import a pattern of cells from a file. The _advance_cell() is a helper method that is used internally by advance(). This method runs the simulation for one step, updating the state of all cells according to the survival and birth rules. The most important method in the Life class is advance(). You can probably guess that the CellList class is used for this. The key to be able to implement an infinite grid is to store the cells that are active in the grid as a flat list. The straightforward approach of implementing the grid on which the game is played as a two-dimensional array or list becomes problematic if the grid needs to be of infinite dimensions. While most implementations of the Game of Life in Python that you come across use a grid of specific dimensions, my version is true to the original design of the game and works on an infinite grid. """Advance the simulation by one time unit.""" """Return the bounding box that includes all living cells.""" """Load a pattern from a file into the game grid.""" """Return the rules of the game as a printable string.""" Here is the high-level structure of this class: class Life:ĭef _init_(self, survival=, birth=): The Life class is where the logic of the simulation is implemented. You can also iterate over the items stored in the object using a for-loop. ![]() That means that you can convert an object to a list using the expression list(c) that you see above, or to a set with set(c). When this method is implemented in a class, instances become iterables. The one aspect of the CellList class that may need a clarification is the _iter_() method. > c.set(0, 0, True) # add (0, 0) to the list To help you see how the class is used, here is an example Python session that creates a list of cells: > from life import CellList I think this class should be mostly self-explanatory. """Iterator over the cells in this list.""" """Add, remove or toggle a cell in this list.""" """Check if a cell exists in this list.""" Below you can see the structure of this class: class CellList: The CellList class is an auxiliary class that maintains a list of cells, each given by a tuple with the format (x, y). The code consists of two classes: CellList and Life. My implementation of the Game of Life engine in Python is available in a single Python file, without any external dependencies. In the next section I'll show you an implementation of this simulation in Python! Game of Life in Python The simulation rules can be generalized by making the number of neighbors used by the survival and birth rules configurable, so the standard survival rule can be described as and the birth rule as. With these simple rules it is possible to build many interesting patterns, some of which constantly change and mutate. The birth rule: If the cell is dead and has exactly 3 neighbors alive, then it becomes alive, else it stays dead.The survival rule: If the cell is alive and has exactly 2 or 3 neighbors alive, then it stays alive, else it dies.Here are the rules that govern the simulation: The rules are based on the current state of the cell and the state of its eight neighboring cells. At each time step, the simulation runs through every cell to update its state based on two rules. Each cell in the grid can be in one of two states: alive or dead. The Game of Life runs on an infinite two-dimensional grid. ![]() In this article you will learn about the following topics:įor those of you who are not familiar with Conway's Game of Life, here is a short introduction to how this simulation works. Testing this code will present us with a few new challenges. In this article I will focus on testing the engine (testing GUIs will be covered in a future article). My implementation of this game has an engine part, where the data structures and algorithm of the simulation are implemented, and a graphical user interface (GUI) part. In this article I will introduce you to Conway's Game of Life, an interesting simulation that plays animated patterns on a grid. This is the second part of my series on unit testing Python applications. ![]()
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